1. Gerunds and infinitives can function as nouns, subjects, objects, or subject complements. Gerunds use the "-ing" form of the verb while infinitives use "to" plus the base verb form. 2. Certain verbs take either gerunds or infinitives depending on whether the action is ongoing or planned. For example, verbs like "enjoy" and "appreciate" take gerunds for present actions, while verbs like "want" and "hope" take infinitives for future actions. 3. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used after verbs like "begin" and "stop" with little difference in meaning, but other verbs